鍛造是一種利用鍛壓機(jī)械對(duì)金屬坯料施加壓力，使其產(chǎn)生塑性變形以獲得具有一定機(jī)械性能、一定形狀和尺寸鍛件的加工方法，鍛壓（鍛造與沖壓）的兩大組成部分之一。

Forging is a kind of forging process that uses pressure forming machinery to exert pressure on metal billet and make it produce plastic deformation to obtain certain processing methods of forging, which has certain mechanical properties, shape and size, and is one of the two components of forging, forging and stamping.

若因溫度和變形程度選擇不當(dāng)而得到粗大晶粒時(shí)，可利用熱處理相變細(xì)化晶粒組織，但對(duì)于熱處理中不發(fā)生相變的鋼種，如奧氏體鋼，就必須在鍛造過(guò)程中獲得細(xì)小而均勻的晶粒組織，因此對(duì)這樣的材料在鍛造時(shí)須加倍注意。

If the temperature and degree of deformation and improper selection of coarse grains, the grain refinement phase change heat treatment, but for the steel phase transition does not occur in the heat treatment, such as austenitic steel, it must be in the forging process have fine and uniform grains, so this kind of material in the forging must pay more attention to.

鍛造是指把加熱后的金屬材料鍛制成各種形狀的工具、機(jī)械零件或毛坯。鍛造過(guò)程中要對(duì)這些滾燙的金屬坯料進(jìn)行各種加工，因此加工過(guò)程中高溫、、振動(dòng)和噪聲是避免不了的。所以鍛造過(guò)程安全防護(hù)很重要。

Forging is a tool, mechanical part, or blank that is forged from a heated metal material to a variety of shapes. In the process of forging, these hot metal billets should be processed, so high temperature, dust, vibration and noise can not be avoided during the process. Therefore, the safety protection of the forging process is very important.

自由鍛生產(chǎn)率低，加工余量大，但工具簡(jiǎn)單，通用性大，故被廣泛用于鍛造形狀較簡(jiǎn)單的單件、小批生產(chǎn)的鍛件。自由鍛設(shè)備有空氣錘、蒸汽-空氣錘和水壓機(jī)等，分別適合小、中和大型鍛件的生產(chǎn)。

Free forging has many advantages such as low productivity, large machining allowance, but simple tool and versatility. So it is widely used for forging single piece and small batch forgings with simpler shape. The free forging equipments include air hammer, steam air hammer and hydraulic press, etc., which are suitable for the production of small and medium heavy forgings, respectively.