自由鍛都是以生產(chǎn)批量不大的鍛件為主，采用鍛錘、液壓機等鍛造設(shè)備對坯料進行成形加工，獲得合格鍛件。 自由鍛的基本工序包括鐓粗、拔長、沖孔、切割、彎曲、扭轉(zhuǎn)、錯移及鍛接等。自由鍛采取的都是熱鍛方式。

Free forging is in the production of small quantities of forgings, the forging, hydraulic press forging equipment is carried out on the blank forming process, obtain qualified forgings. The basic process of free forging including upsetting, stretching, punching, cutting, bending, torsion, displacement and welding etc.. The free forging is all hot forging.

自由鍛造所用的工具簡單，加工方法通用性強，生產(chǎn)準備周期短，因而應(yīng)用較為廣泛。自由鍛分為手工鍛造和機器鍛造兩種。手工鍛造只能生產(chǎn)小型鍛件，生產(chǎn)率也較低。

The tool used for free forging is simple, the versatile and the production period is short, so it is widely used. Free forging is divided into two kinds: manual forging and machine  Manual forging can only produce small forgings, and the productivity is low.

鐓粗主要有以下形式：

完全鐓粗。完全鐓粗是將坯料豎直放在砧面上， 在上砧的錘擊下， 使坯料產(chǎn)生高度減小，橫截面積增大的塑性變形。

Upsetting mainly includes the following forms:

Full upsetting. Complete upsetting is to place the blank vertically on the anvil surface, hammering on the anvil, so that the height of the blank decreases, the cross-sectional area increases plastic deformation.