通過鍛造能消除金屬在冶煉過程中產(chǎn)生的鑄態(tài)疏松等缺陷，優(yōu)化微觀組織結(jié)構(gòu)，同時由于保存了完整的金屬流線，鍛件的機(jī)械性能一般優(yōu)于同樣材料的鑄件。

Forging can eliminate the defects such as casting porosity and so on during the smelting process, and optimize the microstructure. At the same time, because of the intact metal flow line, the mechanical properties of the forgings are generally better than those of the same materials.

隨著電動機(jī)的發(fā)明，十九世紀(jì)末出現(xiàn)了以電為動力的機(jī)械壓力機(jī)和空氣錘，并獲得迅速發(fā)展。第二次以來，七十五萬千牛的模鍛水壓機(jī)、一千五百千焦的對六萬千牛的板料沖壓壓力機(jī)、十六萬千牛的熱模鍛壓力機(jī)等重型鍛壓機(jī)械，和一些自動冷鐓機(jī)相繼問世，形成了門類齊全的鍛造機(jī)械體系。鍛造是一種利用鍛壓機(jī)械對金屬坯料施加壓力，使其產(chǎn)生塑性變形以獲得具有一定機(jī)械性能、一定形狀和尺寸鍛件的加工方法，鍛壓（鍛造與沖壓）的兩大組成部分之一。

With the invention of motor, the mechanical press and air hammer powered by electricity appeared at the end of nineteenth Century, and developed rapidly. Since the Second World War, the forging water press, one thousand and five hundred thousand char, the punching press of Liu Wanqian cattle, the hot forging press of sixteen thousand thousand cattle, and some automatic cold heading machines have come out in succession, forming a complete system of forging machinery.

拔長

也稱延伸，它是使坯料橫斷面積減小、長度增加的鍛造工序。拔長常用于鍛造桿、軸類零件。

自由鍛造的基本工序包括鐓粗、拔長、沖孔、彎曲、扭轉(zhuǎn)、錯移、切割及鍛接等。

Pulling length

Also known as elongation, it is a forging process to reduce the cross-sectional area of the billet and increase the length. Pullout is often used in forging rods and shaft parts.

The basic processes of free forging include upsetting, drawing, punching, bending, torsion, offset, cutting and forging.