軋輥的品種和制造工藝隨冶金技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和軋鋼設(shè)備的演變而不斷發(fā)展。中世紀(jì)軋制軟的有色金屬時(shí)使用強(qiáng)度低的灰鑄鐵軋輥。18世紀(jì)中葉英國掌握了軋制鋼板用的冷硬鑄鐵軋輥的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)。

The variety and manufacturing process of roll have been developed with the progress of metallurgical technology and the evolution of steel rolling equipment. The use of low strength gray iron rolls in the Middle Ages when rolling soft nonferrous metals. In the middle of the eighteenth Century, Britain mastered the production technology of cold cast iron rolls used for rolling steel plates.

軋輥在軋機(jī)中的使用效果不但取決于軋輥材質(zhì)及其冶金質(zhì)量，還和使用條件、軋輥設(shè)計(jì)、操作維護(hù)有關(guān)。不同類型軋機(jī)的軋輥使用條件有很大差異，造成差異的因素有：軋機(jī)條件。如軋機(jī)類型、軋機(jī)和軋輥設(shè)計(jì)、孔型設(shè)計(jì)、水冷條件和軸承種類等。

The use effect of roll in the rolling mill not only depends on the material and metallurgical quality of the roll, but also is related to the conditi of use, the design of the roll and the operation and maintenance. The use conditi of the rolls for different types of rolling mills are very different. The factors that cause the difference are the rolling mill conditi. Such as rolling mill type, rolling mill and roll design, pass design, water cooling condition and bearing type and so on.

通常對(duì)粗軋輥以強(qiáng)度、抗熱裂為主要要求；小型20輥軋機(jī)的工作軋輥重僅 100克左右，而寬厚板軋機(jī)的支承輥重量已超過200噸。選用軋輥時(shí)首先根據(jù)軋機(jī)對(duì)軋輥的基本強(qiáng)度要求，選定安全承載的主體材料（各種級(jí)別的鑄鐵、鑄鋼或鍛鋼等）。

Usually, the main requirements for rough rolling roll are strength and thermal cracking. The working roll weight of small 20 high mill is only 100 grams, while the weight of backup roll of wide plate mill has exceeded 200 t. When selecting the roll, first, according to the requirements of the mill's basic strength for the roller, we select the main material for safety loading (various grades of cast iron, cast steel or forged steel, etc.).

這些應(yīng)力沿輥身的散布是不均勻的、不斷改變的，其原因不只有規(guī)劃要素，還有軋輥在運(yùn)用中磨損、溫度和輥形的不斷改變。

The dispersion of these stresses along the roll is uneven and ctantly changing, and the reas are not only the planning elements, but also the ctant change of wear, temperature and roll shape in the use of the rolls.