不知道聽到工藝兩個(gè)字的時(shí)候我們更多的想到的是什么?我想很多人對(duì)工藝的追求大多體現(xiàn)在對(duì)一些藝術(shù)品上面。拔長(zhǎng)拔長(zhǎng)是使坯料的長(zhǎng)度增加，截面減小的鍛造工序，通常用來(lái)生產(chǎn)軸類件毛坯，如車床主軸、連桿等。其實(shí)不僅僅是藝術(shù)品對(duì)工藝的要求非常高。在我們的機(jī)械領(lǐng)域?qū)に囈彩蔷媲缶?，因?yàn)橹挥懈叱墓に嚥拍苤圃斐龈漠a(chǎn)品，就比如說大口徑法蘭對(duì)它的工藝要求也是很高的。

I don't know what we think about more when we hear the two  of the craft?由于熱變形形成纖維組織，會(huì)使金屬的力學(xué)性能出現(xiàn)異向性，即縱向力學(xué)性能指標(biāo)中的A，Z，Ak比橫向相應(yīng)的指標(biāo)大得多，兩個(gè)方向上的強(qiáng)度Rm。 I think a lot of people's pursuit of the craft is mostly on some of the works of art. In fact, not only is the art of art demanding very high technology. In our field of machinery, we also strive for improvement in technology, because only superb technology can make more perfect products, for example, large diameter flanges require high technological requirements for them.

鍛造設(shè)備是指在鍛造加工中用于成形和分離的機(jī)械設(shè)備。鍛造設(shè)備包括成形用的鍛錘、機(jī)械壓力機(jī)、液壓機(jī)、螺旋壓力機(jī)和平鍛機(jī)，以及鍛造操作機(jī)、開卷機(jī)、矯正機(jī)、剪切機(jī)、等輔助設(shè)備。

Forging equipment is the mechanical equipment for forming and separating in forging. Forging equipment includes forging hammer, mechanical press, hydraulic press, screw press, forging machine, forging machine, coiler, straightening machine, shearing machine, and other auxiliary equipment.

隨著電動(dòng)機(jī)的發(fā)明，十九世紀(jì)末出現(xiàn)了以電為動(dòng)力的機(jī)械壓力機(jī)和空氣錘，并獲得迅速發(fā)展。完全鐓粗是將坯料豎直放在砧面上，在上砧的錘擊下，使坯料產(chǎn)生高度減小，橫截面積增大的塑性變形。第二次以來(lái)，七十五萬(wàn)千牛的模鍛水壓機(jī)、一千五百千焦的對(duì)六萬(wàn)千牛的板料沖壓壓力機(jī)、十六萬(wàn)千牛的熱模鍛壓力機(jī)等重型鍛壓機(jī)械，和一些自動(dòng)冷鐓機(jī)相繼問世，形成了門類齊全的鍛造機(jī)械體系。

With the invention of motor, the mechanical press and air hammer powered by electricity appeared at the end of nineteenth Century, and developed rapidly. Since the Second World War, the forging water press, one thousand and five hundred thousand char, the punching press of Liu Wanqian cattle, the hot forging press of sixteen thousand thousand cattle, and some automatic cold heading machines have come out in succession, forming a complete system of forging machinery.

在芯棒上拔長(zhǎng)。鍛造時(shí)，先芯棒插入沖好孔的坯料中，然后當(dāng)作實(shí)心坯料進(jìn)行拔長(zhǎng)。拔長(zhǎng)時(shí)，一般不是一次拔成，先將坯料拔成六角形，鍛到所需長(zhǎng)度后，再倒角滾圓，取出芯棒。為便于取出芯棒，芯棒 的工作部分應(yīng)有1：100 左右的斜度。

Pull on the mandrel. When forging, insert the mandrel into the billet of the hole and then pull it out as a solid billet. When drawing, it is not usually drawn at one time. First, the blank is drawn into a hexagonal shape, forged to the required length, then chamfered and rounded, and the mandrel is removed. To facilitate the removal of the mandrel, the working part of the mandrel should have a slope of about 1:100.