通過(guò)鍛造能消除金屬在冶煉過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的鑄態(tài)疏松等缺陷，優(yōu)化微觀組織結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)由于保存了完整的金屬流線，鍛件的機(jī)械性能一般優(yōu)于同樣材料的鑄件。

Forging can eliminate the defects such as casting porosity and so on during the smelting process, and optimize the microstructure. At the same time, because of the intact metal flow line, the mechanical properties of the forgings are generally better than those of the same materials.

自由鍛造所用的工具簡(jiǎn)單，加工方法通用性強(qiáng)，生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備周期短，因而應(yīng)用較為廣泛。自由鍛分為手工鍛造和機(jī)器鍛造兩種。手工鍛造只能生產(chǎn)小型鍛件，生產(chǎn)率也較低。

The tool used for free forging is simple, the versatile and the production period is short, so it is widely used. Free forging is divided into two kinds: manual forging and machine  Manual forging can only produce small forgings, and the productivity is low.

鍛造工藝過(guò)程一般由以下工序組成，即選取鋼坯下料、加熱、成形、鍛后冷卻。鍛造的工藝方法有自由鍛、模鍛和胎膜鍛。生產(chǎn)時(shí)，按鍛件質(zhì)量的大小，生產(chǎn)批量的多少選擇不同的鍛造方法。

The forging process is generally  of the following processes, namely, the selection of high quality billets, heating, forming and cooling after forging. The forging process includes free forging, die forging and fetal membrane forging. When manufacturing, according to the size of forgings and the number of production batches, different forging methods are chosen.