【廣告】
翻譯成漢語的主動句
將英語中的被動結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯成漢語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)時,往往可以分成以下幾種不同的情況。
?、?保留英語原句中的主語。
例如:
1)All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived.
當(dāng)他們到達(dá)時,所有的票都售完了。
2)Theatre will be reinvented and become much freer and more imaginative.
戲劇將脫胎換骨,變得更為自由,更富想象力。
3)Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.
核能對健康、安全、甚至對生命本身所構(gòu)成的危險可以用一個詞來概括:輻射。
?、?將主語翻譯為賓語。
在動作發(fā)出者不言自明或難以言明時,英語常用被動句。而漢語在這種情況下,往往需要添加“有人”、“大家”、“別人”、“人們”之類的泛稱主語。例如:
1)I was told not to trust what I read in the newspaper.
有人告訴我不要相信報紙上的消息。
2)It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real.
可能有人會指出,無線電廣播同樣也能做到這一點,但還是電視屏幕上的節(jié)目要生動、真實得多。
3)It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.
主語從句
1.以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句,在翻譯的時候,一般可以按照英語原文順序來翻譯。
What he told me was only half-truth.
他告訴我的只是些半真半假的東西而已。
Whatever is worth doing should be done well.
任何值得做的事情都應(yīng)該做好。
Whether he comes or not makes no difference.
他來不來都沒有關(guān)系。
When we can begin the expedition is still a question.
我們何時才能開始這次考察仍然是懸而未決。
How he is going to do it is a mystery.
他準(zhǔn)備怎么做這個事情是個迷。
2.用it作形式主語的主語從句,可以把主語從句放到漢語句子前面去翻譯。為了強調(diào)起見,it一般可以譯出來;如果不需要強調(diào),it也可以不譯出來。
It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.
他參加不參加會議沒有多大關(guān)系。(It沒有翻譯)
It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.
駕駛員在飛機墜毀之后,竟然還能活著,這看來是不可想象的。(It翻譯為“這”)
有時候,如果主語從句仍然按照英語原來的順序翻譯的話,it一般不需要譯出來。在漢語譯文的開始,一般可以用“...的是,...”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)來翻譯。
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.
真奇怪,她竟然沒有看出自己的缺點。(It不用翻譯,還可以用“奇怪的是...”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)來翻譯)
表語從句
It seems that it is going to snow.
看起來要下雪了。
That is why Jack got scolded.
這就是杰克受到訓(xùn)斥的原因。
The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.
問題是我們能否贏得大多數(shù)人民群眾的支持。
His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.
他對新聞界的看法是,記者們不是支持他,就是反對他。