若因溫度和變形程度選擇不當(dāng)而得到粗大晶粒時，可利用熱處理相變細(xì)化晶粒組織，但對于熱處理中不發(fā)生相變的鋼種，如奧氏體鋼，就必須在鍛造過程中獲得細(xì)小而均勻的晶粒組織，因此對這樣的材料在鍛造時須加倍注意。

If the temperature and degree of deformation and improper selection of coarse grains, the grain refinement phase change heat treatment, but for the steel phase transition does not occur in the heat treatment, such as austenitic steel, it must be in the forging process have fine and uniform grains, so this kind of material in the forging must pay more attention to.

定期對設(shè)備進(jìn)行保養(yǎng)，所有的操作者工作之前必須帶好防護(hù)用具。在進(jìn)行鍛造作業(yè)時，幾個操作者之間要集中精力，互相配合，躲開危險方向，選擇相對安全的位置。

Maintenance of equipment on a regular basis, and all operators must take protective equipment before working. In the process of forging, several operators should their energy, cooperate with each other, avoid the dangerous direction, and choose a relatively safe.

二十世紀(jì)60年代以后，鍛造機(jī)械改變了從19世紀(jì)開始的，向重型和大型方向發(fā)展的趨勢，轉(zhuǎn)而向高速、、自動、精密、專用、多品種生產(chǎn)等方向發(fā)展。

After 60s twentieth Century, forging machinery changed the trend from nineteenth Century to heavy and large direction, and turned to high speed, high efficiency, automatic, precision, special, multi variety production.