鐓粗 鐓粗是對原坯料沿軸向鍛打，使其高度減低、橫截面增大的操作過程。這種工序常用于鍛造齒輪坯和其他圓盤形類鍛件。鐓粗分為全部鐓粗和局部鍛粗兩種。

Upsetting and upsetting is the process of forging the original billet along the axis, reducing its height and increasing its cross section. This process is usually used to forge gear blanks and other disc shaped forgings. The upsetting is divided into two kinds of upsetting and local forgings.

拔長 拔長是使坯料的長度增加，截面減小的鍛造工序，通常用來生產(chǎn)軸類件毛坯，如車床主軸、連桿等。

沖孔 用沖子在坯料上沖出通孔或不通孔的鍛造工序。彎曲 使坯料彎曲成一定角度或形狀的鍛造工序。

Drawing and drawing is a forging process that increases the length of the billet and reduces the section. It is usually used to produce shaft parts, such as spindle and connecting rod.

Forging punch punching out through holes or blind holes in the blank. The forging process of bending the billet into a certain angle or shape.

自由鍛造分手工自由鍛和機(jī)器自由鍛。手工自由鍛生產(chǎn)效率低，勞動強(qiáng)度大，僅用于修配或簡單、小型、小批鍛件的生產(chǎn)。

Manual free forging is inefficient and labor intensive. It is only used for the production of repair or simple, small and small forgings.Free forging cists of manual free forging and machine free forging.