自由鍛都是以生產(chǎn)批量不大的鍛件為主，采用鍛錘、液壓機(jī)等鍛造設(shè)備對(duì)坯料進(jìn)行成形加工，獲得合格鍛件。 自由鍛的基本工序包括鐓粗、拔長(zhǎng)、沖孔、切割、彎曲、扭轉(zhuǎn)、錯(cuò)移及鍛接等。自由鍛采取的都是熱鍛方式。

Free forging is in the production of small quantities of forgings, the forging, hydraulic press forging equipment is carried out on the blank forming process, obtain qualified forgings. The basic process of free forging including upsetting, stretching, punching, cutting, bending, torsion, displacement and welding etc.. The free forging is all hot forging.

若因溫度和變形程度選擇不當(dāng)而得到粗大晶粒時(shí)，可利用熱處理相變細(xì)化晶粒組織，但對(duì)于熱處理中不發(fā)生相變的鋼種，如奧氏體鋼，就必須在鍛造過(guò)程中獲得細(xì)小而均勻的晶粒組織，因此對(duì)這樣的材料在鍛造時(shí)須加倍注意。

If the temperature and degree of deformation and improper selection of coarse grains, the grain refinement phase change heat treatment, but for the steel phase transition does not occur in the heat treatment, such as austenitic steel, it must be in the forging process have fine and uniform grains, so this kind of material in the forging must pay more attention to.

不知道聽(tīng)到工藝兩個(gè)字的時(shí)候我們更多的想到的是什么?我想很多人對(duì)工藝的追求大多體現(xiàn)在對(duì)一些藝術(shù)品上面。其實(shí)不僅僅是藝術(shù)品對(duì)工藝的要求非常高。在我們的機(jī)械領(lǐng)域?qū)に囈彩蔷媲缶?，因?yàn)橹挥懈叱墓に嚥拍苤圃斐龈漠a(chǎn)品，就比如說(shuō)大口徑法蘭對(duì)它的工藝要求也是很高的。塑性雜質(zhì)隨著金屬變形沿主要伸長(zhǎng)方向呈帶狀分布，這樣熱鍛后的金屬組織就具有一定的方向性。

I don't know what we think about more when we hear the two  of the craft?在鐓粗時(shí)，常用軟襯墊鐓粗或疊鐓（用于鍛薄餅形零件），以改善變形的不均勻性，防止產(chǎn)生表面裂紋。 I think a lot of people's pursuit of the craft is mostly on some of the works of art. In fact, not only is the art of art demanding very high technology. In our field of machinery, we also strive for improvement in technology, because only superb technology can make more perfect products, for example, large diameter flanges require high technological requirements for them.